昌化石因其主要产于浙江临安昌化县而得其名。亦是中国最著名的四大系印章石之一。昌化石具油脂光泽，微透明黄黑双色巧至半透明，极少数透明。其矿物成分是以粘土矿物地开石为主，常含有高岭石等粘土矿物。还常含有未完全蚀变成地开石的硬质石英斑晶，硬度远远大于地开石，工艺上称其为“砂丁”，为雕刻家所大忌。因而，“砂丁”的多少直接影响昌化石的质量。

The name of Changhua Stone is because it is mainly produced in Changhua County, Lin'an, Zhejiang. It is also one of the most famous four series of seal stones in China. Changhua Stone has oil sheen, and it’s slightly transparent with color of yellow and black to transparent, and a few of stones are translucent. Its mineral composition is mainly based on dickite and mainly contains kaolinite and other clay minerals. It usually contains quartz phenocrysts which have not completely turned into dickite. Quartz phenocrysts are far greater than the hardness of dickite. They are called "Shading" in craftwork, which are taboo by the sculptor. Therefore, the quantity of "Shading" affects the quality of Changhua Stone directly.

　　昌化石的颜色主要有白、黑、红、黄、灰等各种颜色，品种也细分成很多种，多以颜色划分。昌化石中，自国内海外，最负盛名的便是“印石三宝”之一的“昌化鸡血石”了。

The colors of Changhua Stone are mainly white, black, red, yellow, grey and so on. The variety of Changhua Stone is subdivided into many species, and the varieties are classified in colors. The most famous variety of Changhua stone from domestic and overseas is "bloodstone", one of the “three treasures of seal stones”.

　　据考证，鸡血石的开采始于明代，而盛名于清代，康熙、乾隆、嘉庆等皇帝十分赏识昌化鸡血石，将其作为宝玺的章料。

According to research, the exploitation of bloodstone began in the Ming Dynasty, and it was famous in the Qing Dynasty. Emperors like Kangxi, Qian Long, Gia Khanh and so on are appreciated Changhua bloodstone very much, making it as the material of Imperial jade seals.

（中国网综合 翻译 杜依依）

来源： 中国网    | 作者：中国网综合 翻译 杜依依    | 责编：尤迎宁    审核：张渊

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