最近一段时间，我国疫情发生频次明显增加，感染人数快速增长，波及范围不断扩大。如何看待当前的疫情形势？精准防控怎么干？为何全国本轮疫情无症状感染者占比高？为何我国要坚持动态清零？近日，国家卫生健康委新冠肺炎疫情应对处置工作领导小组专家组组长梁万年接受采访，回答了这些问题。

　　Faced with the pressure of imported cases of COVID-19 and spreading domestic outbreaks, China should stick to its dynamic zero-COVID policy, a leading health expert said on Tuesday.

　　Liang Wannian, head of the National Health Commission's COVID-19 leading task force, said the pandemic is still raging around the world and the situation in neighboring countries and regions is worsening, so China faces continued pressure to cope with imported cases.

图源：央视新闻

　　为何全国本轮疫情无症状感染者占比高？

　　梁万年回答，奥密克戎比德尔塔的无症状感染者比例高。由于中国采取的严密防控措施，特别是疫苗的接种，一部分人即使感染后也不发生症状，这是我们的防控成效。

　　更为重要的是，我们采取了早发现早处理的措施，尽早发现感染者，他本来很可能会发生症状，但因为我们及时进行了干预和处理，使他不发生症状，阻断病程发展。

　　我认为是三种因素加在一起，造成中国本轮疫情无症状感染者高的情况。在这种情况下，不能认为无症状感染者占比高就是病毒本身造成的，可能有相当一部分是我们的防控所取得的成效。

　　The large number of asymptomatic and mild cases this time is the result of the new variant being milder, the high vaccination rate and effective epidemic containment measures, Liang said.

　　奥密克戎是“大号流感”？

　　对于当前奥密克戎毒株导致疫情属于“大号流感”的说法，梁万年表示目前为时过早。虽然个体出现重症的概率可能下降，但是奥密克戎传播速度快，感染人群的绝对数大，作为整体的人群重症和死亡数量就会高，这仍是一个巨大危害。

　　It is too early to label Omicron variant infections as "big flu". Compared with the Delta variant, Omicron has a lower death rate and produces fewer critical cases, but is more transmissible and can infect larger numbers of people, he said, meaning the sheer number of deaths and critical patients will also be greater.

　　中国为什么不能像国外一样“躺平”？

　　梁万年表示，各国所采取的防护策略和具体措施，是基于它的防控理念。中国的防控理念是“人民至上，生命至上”。中国自从疫情出现以来，一直在坚持动态清零，而且在不断优化防控措施，保护了人民免受所谓通过群体免疫、自然免疫这种自然感染的方式来遭受疾病的危害。我们主要是通过主动的疫苗免疫来增强抵抗力，来构建免疫屏障。

　　China is capable of implementing its dynamic zero-COVID policy due to effective control measures, a high vaccination rate, rapid nucleic acid testing and the understanding and support of its population, he added.

　　Some countries have relaxed or completely scrapped their containment measures, but China has a different epidemic containment mentality, in which the Chinese government and the Communist Party of China put people's lives as the top priority, he said.

　　但是从国际上来看，一些国家选择“躺平”是两种免疫并存的，一个是通过自然免疫，另一个是通过主动的疫苗免疫。在这种情况下，如果中国也选择“躺平”，不坚持动态清零，尤其是当前疫苗接种率，特别是全程和加强针的接种率还不完全高，不足以构成坚固的免疫屏障，势必就会使群体庞大的老人、弱势和脆弱人群容易造成感染。

　　在这种情况下，我们就要坚持动态清零方针，这也是一个时间窗口。如果我们加强疫苗接种、加快科技研发，包括药物的研发、疫苗的研发，也有可能有一个时机奥密克戎又变了，变得更加温和，传播率和致病率更加低，那就是我们最好的机会。所以在现阶段我们坚持总策略总方针不变，应该是最佳选择，也符合中国的抗疫实际。

　　No one can say for sure that the Omicron variant will be the last variant, he said. When the virus becomes milder, when there are more effective medications and vaccines, and when the pandemic situation improves globally, the country will adopt more appropriate measures to cope with the changed situation, he said.

　　For the time being, China still needs to stick with the policy of continued vaccination, targeted epidemic control and dynamic zero-COVID, Liang added.

　　坚持动态清零，如何精准防控？

　　而坚持动态清零，也是巩固我国来之不易的防控成果。梁万年表示，动态清零的精髓一是快速，二是精准。“只要发现疫情，我们就有一系列办法把疫情遏制在萌芽状态。”梁万年说，关键是怎么做到早发现，以及发现以后确保早处置。“就怕有懈怠、犹豫或侥幸心理。”梁万年说，要打破“不施加干预，病毒传播也会变慢”的幻想。如果发现得晚，或者发现后没有及时采取干预措施，病毒是会发生指数级传播的。

　　Liang stressed that the essence of China's dynamic zero-COVID approach is a swift response and targeted response measures. "Once an outbreak is detected, we have a range of ways to nip it in the bud," he said. "The key lies in ensuring its early detection and disposal." Liang warned against any slackness, hesitation, or the mentality of taking chances in the anti-COVID fight, saying that the virus can spread exponentially if it had not been detected in a timely manner or intervened immediately.

　　最小成本取得最大的效益，就是要精准地流调，精准地划分管控的人群，精准地进行救治，精准地进行相关的一些干预措施。它实现两个有效平衡，平衡疫情防控和社会经济发展，平衡疫情防控和正常的生产生活。

　　The dynamic zero-COVID approach, the Chinese public health policy that has been implemented to fight the coronavirus over the past two years, has proved to be effective in striking a good balance between epidemic prevention and control, economic, and social development, according to Liang. The goal of this approach is to bring the epidemic under control in the shortest possible time with a minimum cost to society.

　　近期疫情频发是防控策略无效？

　　当前疫情中，奥密克戎变异毒株传播速度更快、隐匿性更强。“目前疫情点多、面广、频发，并不意味着我国防控策略、方针和措施的无效。”梁万年说，奥密克戎变异株流行后，世界多个国家和地区的疫情水平在短时间内都出现指数级上升。“但我国疫情水平上升缓慢，这正是因为我们采取了一系列有效的干预措施，遏制了疫情上升势头。”

　　"The latest resurgence in China does not mean that the country's COVID-19 response policy and measures are ineffective," Liang said. The infections increased exponentially in many countries and regions in a short period of time since the Omicron variants rage across the world. "However, China has witnessed a slower increase in the number of infections, which is precisely because we have taken a series of effective intervention measures to curb the virus," he added.

3月17日，在上海松江区象屿品城小区，工作人员帮助市民进行登记。图源：新华社

　　回归正常需要什么条件？

　　梁万年表示，每一个人都期盼疫情尽快结束，但病毒和疾病本身是不以我们的意志为转移的。理论上来说，疫情结束有几个方面：希望病毒变异是变得越来越弱、我们的疫苗更加有效、出现了更有效的药物甚至是特效药、国际疫情好转外防输入压力变小。

来源：中国日报    | 撰稿：辛文    | 责编：俞舒珺    审核：张渊

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来源：中国日报    | 撰稿：辛文    | 责编：俞舒珺    审核：张渊